Kuzushi

Kuzushi (taking out of balance) is the second step after grips in effectively performing a technique in judo. Kuzushi is performed to alter the opponent’s balance in order to expose vulnerabilities. 

Balance

During human development, the neuromuscular system experiences multiple changes as we learn to sit, turn, stand, walk, run, etc. To perform these tasks, we form instinctive reactions against gravity to use energy efficiently.

Physiologically, kuzushi is action aiming to alter the opponent’ balance integrating systems - visual, kinesthetic, and vestibular. 

No technique without kuzushi

Just as there is no techniques without grips, there is no throw or sweep without kuzushi.  Kuzushi has multiple roles from offensive, defensive, facilitation and energy expenditure minimization roles. 

The defensive/offensive role of kuzushi.

The offensive role usually involves unbalancing the opponent to expose his/her vulnerabilities for attack. The defensive role usually involves keeping the opponent slightly out of balance so that it is harder to initiate a technique.

Because the opponent is occupied with recovering their balance, they also give less resistance to countering attacks. This means the attacker can use less energy to execute techniques. 

Usually defending takes more energy than attacking. Attacks are typically done selectively, optimizing for smooth execution. The countering reaction is rarely selective, often involving more strength and motion than necessary, which costs superfluous energy.

Kuzushi preceding technique can be more complex than the technique itself. It requires altering not only physical balance but also direction, rhythm, stepping and speed. Good kuzushi involves good leverage and asymmetry.

The mental dominance role of kuzushi

Taking the opponent out of balance can have the mental effect of changing the opponent’s mindset from attack to defense, from follower to driver. When mind is out of balance, the body follows.  It is not the body that fails, it is the mind.

Lede photo of Rena “Rusty” Kanogi